Zoo Siab
- Qhov sib txawv ntawm sedative thiab tshuaj loog
- Ntev npaum li cas sedation rau miv?
- Phenothiazines (acepromazine)
- Alpha-2 agonists (xylazine, medetomidine thiab dexmedetomidine)
- Benzodiazepines (diazepam thiab midazolam)
- Opioids (butorphanol, morphine, methadone, fentanyl thiab pethidine)
- Nws siv sijhawm ntev npaum cas rau tus miv kom sawv los ntawm tshuaj loog?
- Theem 1: kev npaj ua ntej
- Theem 2: tshuaj loog induction
- Theem 3: kev saib xyuas
- Theem 4: rov zoo
- Kuv miv tsis rov zoo los ntawm tshuaj loog
- Kev tsis txaus ntawm Enzyme
- Propofol raws li tshuaj loog
- Tshuaj ntau dhau
- Hypothermia
Muaj ntau yam laj thawj vim li cas miv yuav tsum tau ua kom loog lossis ua kom loog, los ntawm kev ua phem lossis ntshai ntawm tus kws kho tsiaj mus ntsib lossis rau cov txheej txheem phais me me lossis kev ua haujlwm loj. tshuaj loog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho dav dav, nws nyab xeeb heev, tsis sib xws rau ntau tus kws qhia ntawv xav li cas, nrog rau kev paub txog tshuaj tam sim no, feem pua ntawm kev tuag los ntawm tshuaj loog tsawg dua 0.5%.
Tab sis ntev npaum li cas tus miv thiaj sawv los ntawm tshuaj loog? Tus miv kwv yees lub sijhawm rov zoo li cas tom qab phais? Hauv kab lus no los ntawm PeritoAnimal, peb qhia koj txhua yam txog tshuaj loog thiab ua kom loog hauv miv, yuav ua dab tsi ua ntej, nws qib, cuam tshuam, siv tshuaj thiab nws rov zoo li cas. Nyeem ntawv zoo
Qhov sib txawv ntawm sedative thiab tshuaj loog
Coob leej neeg tsis meej pem sedation nrog tshuaj loog, tab sis qhov tseeb yog, lawv yog ob qho txheej txheem sib txawv heev. LUB sedation nws suav nrog lub xeev ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv uas tsiaj poob pw tsaug zog nrog me me lossis tsis teb rau sab nraud stimuli. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov tshuaj loog, uas tuaj yeem yog hauv nroog lossis dav dav, qhov ib txwm ua rau poob ntawm kev hnov qab dav dav los ntawm kev xav, ua kom cov leeg so thiab ua kom lub cev muaj zog.
Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej xa koj tus miv mus rau kev phais, koj tus kws kho tsiaj yuav tham nrog koj txog qhov ua ntej tshuaj loog kuaj. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los ntsuas koj tus khub feline txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab npaj cov tshuaj loog zoo tshaj plaws rau koj tus kheej. Qhov no suav nrog:
- Ua kom tiav keeb kwm kev kho mob (kab mob thiab tshuaj noj tam sim no)
- Kev tshuaj xyuas lub cev (cov cim tseem ceeb, cov hnoos qeev, lub sijhawm ua kom cov hlab ntsha ntxiv thiab lub cev lub cev)
- Ntshav tsom xam thiab kuaj ntshav biochemistry
- Ntshav tsom xam
- Electrocardiogram los ntsuas lub xeev lub plawv
- Hauv qee kis, kuj tseem siv duab hluav taws xob lossis ultrasound
Ntev npaum li cas sedation rau miv?
Tus miv lub sedation lub sijhawm nyob ntawm seb hom txheej txheem ua tau zoo licas, uas nws txawv raws li lub sijhawm thiab kev siv zog ntawm tus txheej txheem thiab tus tsiaj feline hloov pauv. Txhawm rau sedate miv, ua ke ntawm sedatives, tranquilizers lossis analgesics tuaj yeem siv, xws li hauv qab no:
Phenothiazines (acepromazine)
Ntev npaum li cas sedation ntev rau tus miv nrog phenothiazines? Txog 4 teev. Qhov no yog sedative uas siv sijhawm ntau kawg ntawm 20 feeb los ua, tab sis nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm 4 teev nyob rau nruab nrab. tus tsiaj yuav tsum yog cov pa yog siv los ua sedative vim yog kev mob plawv mob plawv nws ua. Nws yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm:
- Antiemetic (tsis ua rau ntuav)
- sib sib zog nqus sedation
- Nws tsis muaj tus yeeb ncuab, yog li tus miv yuav sawv thaum cov tshuaj tau hloov pauv
- Bradycardia (lub plawv qis)
- Hypotension (ntshav siab) txog li 6 teev nyob rau lub sijhawm
- Tsis txhob tsim analgesia
- nruab nrab cov leeg so
Alpha-2 agonists (xylazine, medetomidine thiab dexmedetomidine)
Ntev npaum li cas nws thiaj sedate miv nrog alpha-2 agonists? Lawv yog cov sedatives zoo uas siv sijhawm ntau tshaj 15 feeb los ua thiab muaj lub sijhawm luv dua ntawm kev ua kom loog, txog 2 teev. Lawv muaj cov antagonist (atipamezole), yog li yog siv, lawv yuav sawv los nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv yam tsis tas yuav tos lub sijhawm tsim nyog kom txog thaum cov nyhuv sedative poob. Nws yuav tsum tau oxygenated vim yog cov hlab plawv cuam tshuam lawv tsim:
- Zoo nqaij so.
- Nruab nrab analgesia.
- Emetic (ua rau ntuav).
- Bradycardia.
- Hypotension.
- Hypothermia (poob hauv lub cev kub).
- Diuresis (tso zis ntau ntxiv).
Benzodiazepines (diazepam thiab midazolam)
Ntev npaum li cas sedation ntev rau tus miv nrog benzodiazepines? Los ntawm 30 feeb mus rau 2 teev. Benzodiazepines yog cov chaw so uas siv sijhawm ntau kawg ntawm 15 feeb uas muaj antagonist (flumacenil) thiab tsim cov teebmeem hauv qab no:
- haib zog so
- Tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob plawv
- tsis sedate
- Tsis txhob tsim analgesia
Opioids (butorphanol, morphine, methadone, fentanyl thiab pethidine)
Ntev npaum li cas sedation ntawm miv nrog opioids kawg? Txog ob teev. Opioids yog tshuaj tua kab mob zoo siv ntau zaus nrog sedatives los pab ua kom sedation lossis npaj miv rau tshuaj loog. Lawv zoo li ua rau lub plawv mob plawv ntau heev thiab qee qhov, zoo li morphine, yog emetic. Yav dhau los, nws tau ntseeg tias opioids, xws li morphine, tau txwv tsis pub nyob hauv miv vim tias lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam. Tam sim no tuaj yeem siv tau yam tsis muaj teeb meem, tab sis tswj hwm qhov ntau npaum li cas, txoj hauv kev, sijhawm teem thiab sib xyaw tshuaj, vim tias muaj teeb meem tshwm sim yog tias lawv tau siv ntau dhau, ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab, tsis nco qab, lub cev tsis muaj zog thiab qaug dab peg.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, thaum butorphanol ua rau muaj kev sib zog tsawg dua thiab siv rau hauv kev ua kom loog lossis rau kev npaj ua ntej ua ntej tso tshuaj loog, tshuaj txiav yeeb thiab fentanyl yog siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv hom tsiaj no tswj qhov mob thaum phais vim nws lub zog analgesic ntau dua. Lawv muaj tus yeeb ncuab los thim lawv cov teebmeem hu ua naloxone.
Yog li, lub sijhawm sedation yuav nyob ntawm tus miv tus kheej cov metabolism thiab lub xeev. Qhov nruab nrab yog txog 2 teev yog tias tsis thim rov qab sedation nrog tus yeeb ncuab. Los ntawm kev sib txuas ob lossis ntau yam tshuaj los ntawm cov chav sib txawv, nws tso cai kom nce qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov chaw muag tshuaj thiab, yog li, txo cov koob tshuaj thiab Cov kev mob tshwm sim. Piv txwv li, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm butorphanol nrog midazolam thiab dexmedetomidine feem ntau ua tau zoo heev ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab, mob, nyuaj siab lossis ua rau miv nyob hauv kev sab laj, thiab muaj tus yeeb ncuab thim rov qab cov teebmeem, tuaj yeem rov qab mus tsev lossis tsaug zog me ntsis.
Nws siv sijhawm ntev npaum cas rau tus miv kom sawv los ntawm tshuaj loog?
miv siv sijhawm ntev ib teev, tsawg dua lossis ntau teev kom sawv los ntawm tshuaj loog. Qhov no nyob ntawm tus txheej txheem ua thiab tus miv mob kev noj qab haus huv. Yog li, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias cov txheej txheem tshuaj loog muaj plaub theem:
Theem 1: kev npaj ua ntej
Koj lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog tsim kom muaj "loog loog loog" txhawm rau txo qhov koob tshuaj loog tom ntej, txo qis kev phiv los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj, txo kev ntxhov siab, ntshai thiab mob hauv tus miv. Qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev tswj hwm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov sedatives, cov leeg so kom txaus, thiab cov tshuaj kho mob uas peb tau tham hauv ntu dhau los.
Theem 2: tshuaj loog induction
Los ntawm kev tswj hwm kev txhaj tshuaj ua kom loog, xws li alfaxalone, ketamine lossis propofol kom ua rau miv poob nws qhov kev xav thiab, yog li, tso cai tso quav (tso lub raj tso rau hauv lub raj cua rau kev qhia tshuaj nqus tshuaj nqus ntshav) mus txuas ntxiv cov txheej txheem tshuaj loog.
Cov theem no feem ntau nyob ntev txog 20-30 feeb tag nrho kom txog thaum cov tshuaj siv tau thiab tso cai rau qib tom ntej.
Theem 3: kev saib xyuas
muaj cov kev tswj xyuas tas li ntawm tus neeg siv tshuaj loog, ob qho tib si hauv daim ntawv ntawm:
- Nqus pa: (xws li isoflurane) nrog rau kev ua kom loog (opioids xws li fentanyl, methadone lossis morphine) thiab/lossis cov tshuaj tsis-steroidal anti-inflammatory tshuaj xws li meloxicam uas yuav txhim kho mob tom qab phais thiab mob. Qhov tom kawg kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv tau tom kawg ntawm tshuaj loog ua ke nrog tshuaj tua kab mob los tiv thaiv kev kis mob.
- txhaj tshuaj: Propofol thiab alfaxalone hauv kev txhaj tshuaj tas li lossis rov ua dua tshiab nrog lub zog opioid xws li fentanyl lossis tshuaj txiav yeeb. Nws siv tsis pom zoo rau ntau tshaj li ib teev lossis ob teev hauv cov miv kom tsis txhob rov qab qeeb, tshwj xeeb nrog propofol.
- Intramuscular: ketamine thiab opioid rau kev phais luv luv 30 feeb. Yog tias xav tau sijhawm ntau dua, txhaj koob tshuaj thib ob ntawm intramuscular ketamine, tab sis tsis ntau dua 50% ntawm thawj koob tshuaj.
Lub sijhawm ntawm theem no yog qhov sib txawv thiab nws yuav nyob ntawm seb hom kev phais dab tsi koj miv yuav raug. Yog tias nws yog kev ntxuav, ib puag ncig ib teev; castration, me ntsis ntxiv, zoo li siv biopsies; yog tias koj ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev txawv teb chaws, xws li plaub hau plaub hau, nws yuav siv sijhawm ntev me ntsis, thaum yog tias nws raug mob, lawv yuav nyob ntev ob peb teev. Nws kuj tseem nyob ntawm tus kws phais neeg lub peev xwm thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem intraoperative.
Theem 4: rov zoo
Tom qab ua tiav cov tshuaj loog, resuscitation pib, uas yuav tsum tau nrawm, tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab tsis muaj mob yog tias tus txheej txheem, kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab koob tshuaj uas siv tau raug hwm. Koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas koj qhov tsis tu ncua, koj tus mob, koj qhov kub thiab, tom qab ntawd, muaj teeb meem xws li kub cev thiab ntuav, uas tuaj yeem qhia pom tias muaj kab mob. Feem ntau, noj qab nyob zoo, noj zaub mov zoo, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab dewormed neeg laus rov qab los ntawm tshuaj loog 2 hnub tom qab kev cuam tshuam thiab nws cov sequelae 10 hnub tom qab.
Yog li, lub sijhawm siv tshuaj loog sib txawv raws li lub sijhawm phais, tsiaj lub xeev thiab cov metabolism, tus kws phais neeg txoj kev txawj ntse, teeb meem, siv tshuaj thiab lub sijhawm rov kho. Yog li, cuam tshuam nrog cov lus nug txog yuav siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas miv thiaj sawv los ntawm tshuaj loog, cov lus teb yog tias qee qhov tshuaj loog siv sijhawm li ib teev lossis tsawg dua, lwm tus tuaj yeem kav ob peb teev. Tab sis tsis txhob txhawj xeeb, nrog txoj cai tshuaj pleev kom raug, ua kom loog, tswj qhov tseem ceeb thiab qhov kub los ntawm tus kws tshuaj loog, koj tus miv yuav nyab xeeb thiab tsis hnov mob lossis nyuaj siab, tsis hais lub sijhawm tshuaj loog.
Kuv miv tsis rov zoo los ntawm tshuaj loog
Lub sijhawm nws siv tus tsiaj txhawm rau rov zoo los ntawm kev tso tshuaj loog yuav nyob ntawm tus lej uas tau siv, hom tshuaj loog siv thiab tseem yog miv tus kheej. Txawm hais tias koj tus miv miv tau yoo mov ua ntej yuav phais, nws tseem tuaj yeem muaj qee cov kua tsib los yog zaub mov seem hauv nws lub plab lossis hnov xeev siab.
Tsis txhob txhawj xeeb, nws yog ib txwm yog alpha-2 sedatives lossis qee cov opioids tau siv. Nws tseem yog ib txwm rau tus miv tom qab sawv kev mus rau qhov tsis zoo lossis meow tsis muaj laj thawj, siv sijhawm ob peb teev los noj, lossis tso zis hnyav nyob rau hnub ntawd kom tshem tawm cov kua dej ntxiv nrog kua thaum lub sijhawm ua kom loog. Thaum lub sijhawm tom qab rov zoo ntawm cov miv uas tsis tau yug los, piv txwv li, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau nws kom nyob hauv kub, tsaus ntuj thiab qhov chaw ntsiag to.
qee zaum miv tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntev los sawv. Nco ntsoov tias miv txawv ntawm dev ntau txoj hauv kev. Hauv tshuaj loog, lawv yuav tsis muaj tsawg. Tshwj xeeb, kev zom zaub mov ntawm cov tshuaj hauv miv yog qeeb dua li cov dev, yog li lawv yuav siv sijhawm ntev dua los sawv. Koj miv yuav siv sij hawm ntev dua kom rov zoo los ntawm tshuaj loog rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no:
Kev tsis txaus ntawm Enzyme
Ib qho ntawm txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv tshuaj metabolizing rau lawv kev tshem tawm tom ntej yog lawv kev sib txuas nrog glucuronic acid. Txawm li cas los xij, miv muaj a glucuronyltransferase enzyme tsis txaus, leej twg yog lub luag haujlwm rau qhov no. Vim li no, cov tshuaj metabolization ntawm cov tshuaj uas siv txoj hauv kev no qeeb dua thaum yuav tsum tau siv lwm txoj hauv kev: sulfoconjugation.
Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm qhov tsis txaus no yog pom nyob rau hauv kev noj zaub mov zoo ntawm felines. Ua nruj carnivores, tsis tau hloov pauv los tsim cov txheej txheem txhawm rau zom cov nroj tsuag phytoalexin. Yog li ntawd, hauv miv qee yam tshuaj (ibuprofen, tshuaj aspirin, paracetamol thiab morphine) yuav tsum raug zam lossis siv ntau koob tsawg dua li cov dev, uas tsis muaj qhov teeb meem no.
Propofol raws li tshuaj loog
Kev siv propofol hauv kev saib xyuas ua tshuaj loog tshaj li ib teev tuaj yeem ncua sijhawm rov zoo hauv cov miv. Ib qho ntxiv, tshuaj loog propofol hauv felines tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj oxidative thiab tsim tawm ntawm Heinz lub cev (suav nrog uas tsim nyob rau ib puag ncig ntawm cov qe ntshav liab los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm hemoglobin).
Tshuaj ntau dhau
Cov miv yuav hnyav me ntsis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias lawv me me, yog li lawv tuaj yeem yooj yim siv ntau dhau nrog qhov ua kom ntev ntawm cov txheej txheem rov zoo, siv sijhawm ntev dua los ua kom cov metabolism, kom lawv tsis txhob ua qhov lawv ua. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, tsuas yog cov yeeb tshuaj antagonist yuav qhia, tab sis ua tib zoo xav txog qhov ntawd kev tsaug zog tuaj yeem ua sai thiab tsis txaus ntseeg. Qhov tseeb, qhov kev xav yog xav ua kom tsaug zog ntau zuj zus thiab maj mam, nrog kev pab, yog tias tsim nyog, ntawm kev so kom txaus xws li benzodiazepines.
Hypothermia
Hypothermia hauv miv lossis qhov kub hauv lub cev poob qis vim yog lawv qhov loj me thiab qhov hnyav. Qhov kub ntau dua, qhov nyuaj nws yog txhawm rau tshuaj cov tshuaj, vim txo qis kev ua haujlwm enzymatic, ncua kev rov zoo thiab tsim los ntawm tshuaj loog. Qhov xwm txheej no yuav tsum raug tiv thaiv los ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev hla tus tsiaj thiab npog nws nrog pam los yog siv lub rooj phais mob rhais chaw, siv cov kua ua kom sov, nrog rau tswj chav sov ua haujlwm nyob ib puag ncig 21-24 ºC.
Tam sim no koj paub tias nws siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas rau tus miv kom sawv los ntawm tshuaj loog, qhov vis dis aus ntawm kev tua tsiaj hauv miv yuav txaus siab rau koj:
Yog tias koj xav nyeem ntau cov ntawv zoo ib yam li Nws siv sijhawm ntev npaum cas rau tus miv kom sawv los ntawm tshuaj loog?, peb pom zoo kom koj nkag mus rau peb ntu Kev Xav Paub ntawm tsiaj ntiaj teb.